diff --git a/chromy/chroma_functions.py b/chromy/chroma_functions.py
index 33b11b1..a945bee 100644
--- a/chromy/chroma_functions.py
+++ b/chromy/chroma_functions.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import chromadb
 from chromadb.api import ClientAPI
 from chromadb.api.types import QueryResult, Where
 from chromadb.errors import NotFoundError
-from rich.text import Text
 
 from chromy.embed import EmbeddingRecord
 
@@ -26,17 +25,14 @@ def _get_client_and_collection(
     return client, collection
 
 
-def list_collections() -> list[Text]:
+def list_collections() -> list[str]:
     client = chromadb.PersistentClient()
     collections = client.list_collections()
 
     if not collections:
         return []
 
-    return [
-        Text("· " + getattr(collection, "name", str(collection)))
-        for collection in collections
-    ]
+    return [getattr(collection, "name", str(collection)) for collection in collections]
 
 
 def create_collection(name: str) -> str:
@@ -58,13 +54,9 @@ def delete_data(collection_name: str, where: dict[str, str]) -> int:
     return int(result.get("deleted", 0))
 
 
-def count_collection(collection_name: str) -> str:
+def count_collection(collection_name: str) -> int:
     _, collection = _get_client_and_collection(collection_name)
-    count = collection.count()
-
-    return (
-        f"The '{collection_name}' collection contains [bold green]{count}[/] records."
-    )
+    return collection.count()
 
 
 def add_data(
diff --git a/chromy/cli.py b/chromy/cli.py
index 2f2f1b9..0dc6899 100644
--- a/chromy/cli.py
+++ b/chromy/cli.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from plistlib import InvalidFileException
 from typing import Annotated, Callable
 
 import typer
 from chromadb.errors import InternalError, NotFoundError
 from rich import print
 
+from chromy.errors import UnsupportedTextFileError
 from chromy.handlers.count_collection import handle_count_collection
 from chromy.handlers.create_collection import handle_create_collection
 from chromy.handlers.delete_collection import (
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def import_data(
         _fail(f"Collection '{collection}' does not exist.")
     except FileNotFoundError:
         _fail(f"The file '{file}' was not found.")
-    except InvalidFileException:
+    except UnsupportedTextFileError:
         _fail(f"The file '{file}' is not a text file.")
 
 
diff --git a/chromy/errors.py b/chromy/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cb3fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromy/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+class UnsupportedTextFileError(Exception):
+    """Raised when a file does not appear to contain supported text content."""
diff --git a/chromy/handlers/count_collection.py b/chromy/handlers/count_collection.py
index 9218d74..ec205fe 100644
--- a/chromy/handlers/count_collection.py
+++ b/chromy/handlers/count_collection.py
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from rich import print
 
 from chromy.chroma_functions import count_collection
+from chromy.output import format_count_message
 
 
 def handle_count_collection(collection: str) -> int:
-    print(count_collection(collection))
+    print(format_count_message(collection, count_collection(collection)))
     return 0
diff --git a/chromy/handlers/import_data.py b/chromy/handlers/import_data.py
index 365736c..d59281f 100644
--- a/chromy/handlers/import_data.py
+++ b/chromy/handlers/import_data.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
-from plistlib import InvalidFileException
 
 from rich import print
 
+from chromy.errors import UnsupportedTextFileError
 from chromy.utilities import ingest_file
 
 from ..utilities import is_probably_text_file
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ def handle_import(collection: str, file: str) -> int:
     absolute_path = _get_absolute_path(file)
 
     if not is_probably_text_file(absolute_path):
-        raise InvalidFileException()
+        raise UnsupportedTextFileError()
 
-    records_added = ingest_file(collection, _get_absolute_path(file))
+    records_added = ingest_file(collection, absolute_path)
     print(f"[bold green]Added[/] {records_added} records to collection '{collection}'.")
     return 0
diff --git a/chromy/handlers/list_collections.py b/chromy/handlers/list_collections.py
index 6762583..5395d4b 100644
--- a/chromy/handlers/list_collections.py
+++ b/chromy/handlers/list_collections.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from chromy.chroma_functions import list_collections
-from chromy.utilities import print_lines
+from chromy.output import format_collection_names, print_lines
 
 
 def handle_list_collections() -> int:
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ def handle_list_collections() -> int:
         print("No collections found.")
         return 0
 
-    print_lines(collections)
+    print_lines(format_collection_names(collections))
 
     return 0
diff --git a/chromy/handlers/query.py b/chromy/handlers/query.py
index b94969a..467499b 100644
--- a/chromy/handlers/query.py
+++ b/chromy/handlers/query.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from chromy.utilities import format_query_result, print_lines, run_query
+from chromy.output import format_query_result, print_lines
+from chromy.utilities import run_query
 
 
 def handle_query(collection: str, query_text: str) -> int:
diff --git a/chromy/output.py b/chromy/output.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7e4d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chromy/output.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+
+from chromadb import QueryResult
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.rule import Rule
+from rich.text import Text
+
+CONSOLE = Console()
+
+
+def print_lines(lines: Sequence[Rule | Text | str]) -> None:
+    for line in lines:
+        CONSOLE.print(line)
+
+
+def format_collection_names(collections: Sequence[str]) -> list[Text]:
+    return [Text(f"· {collection}") for collection in collections]
+
+
+def format_count_message(collection_name: str, count: int) -> str:
+    return (
+        f"The '{collection_name}' collection contains [bold green]{count}[/] records."
+    )
+
+
+def format_query_result(result: QueryResult) -> list[Rule | Text]:
+    ids = result.get("ids", [[]])
+    documents = result.get("documents", [[]])
+    distances = result.get("distances", [[]])
+    metadatas = result.get("metadatas", [[]])
+
+    first_ids = ids[0] if ids else []
+    first_documents = documents[0] if documents else []
+    first_distances = distances[0] if distances else []
+    first_metadatas = metadatas[0] if metadatas else []
+
+    if not first_ids:
+        return [Text.from_markup("[yellow]No results found.[/]")]
+
+    lines: list[Rule | Text] = [Rule(title="Query results")]
+
+    for index, document_id in enumerate(first_ids, start=1):
+        lines.append(
+            Text.from_markup(f"[bold]{index}[/].\t[green]id[/]\t\t{document_id}")
+        )
+        i = index - 1
+
+        if i < len(first_distances):
+            lines.append(
+                Text.from_markup(f"\t[green]distance[/]\t{first_distances[i]}")
+            )
+
+        if i < len(first_metadatas):
+            metadata = first_metadatas[i]
+
+            if isinstance(metadata, Mapping):
+                file_name = metadata.get("file_name")
+
+                if file_name:
+                    lines.append(Text.from_markup(f"\t[green]file_name[/]\t{file_name}"))
+
+        if i < len(first_documents):
+            lines.append(Text.from_markup("\n[bold green]Retrieved contents[/]\n"))
+            lines.append(Text(first_documents[i]))
+
+        lines.append(Rule())
+
+    return lines
diff --git a/chromy/utilities.py b/chromy/utilities.py
index 3ddf44c..8d940e1 100644
--- a/chromy/utilities.py
+++ b/chromy/utilities.py
@@ -1,24 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from chromadb import QueryResult
-from rich.console import Console
-from rich.rule import Rule
-from rich.text import Text
 
 from chromy.chroma_functions import add_data, query_data
 from chromy.chunk_functions import chunk_file
 from chromy.embed import embed
 
-CONSOLE = Console()
-
-
-def print_lines(lines: Sequence[Rule | Text]) -> None:
-    for line in lines:
-        CONSOLE.print(line)
-
 
 def ingest_file(collection_name: str, file_path: str) -> int:
     chunks = chunk_file(file_path)
@@ -31,54 +20,6 @@ def run_query(collection_name: str, query_text: str) -> QueryResult:
     return query_data(collection_name, [query_text])
 
 
-def format_query_result(result: QueryResult) -> list[Rule | Text]:
-    ids = result.get("ids", [[]])
-    documents = result.get("documents", [[]])
-    distances = result.get("distances", [[]])
-    metadatas = result.get("metadatas", [[]])
-
-    first_ids = ids[0] if ids else []
-    first_documents = documents[0] if documents else []
-    first_distances = distances[0] if distances else []
-    first_metadatas = metadatas[0] if metadatas else []
-
-    if not first_ids:
-        return [Text.from_markup("[yellow]No results found.[/]")]
-
-    lines: list[Rule | Text] = [Rule(title="Query results")]
-
-    for index, document_id in enumerate(first_ids, start=1):
-        lines.append(
-            Text.from_markup(f"[bold]{index}[/].\t[green]id[/]\t\t{document_id}")
-        )
-        i = index - 1
-
-        if i < len(first_distances):
-            lines.append(
-                Text.from_markup(f"\t[green]distance[/]\t{first_distances[i]}")
-            )
-
-        if i < len(first_metadatas):
-            metadata = first_metadatas[i]
-
-            if isinstance(metadata, Mapping):
-                file_name = metadata.get("file_name")
-
-                if file_name:
-                    lines.append(
-                        Text.from_markup(f"\t[green]file_name[/]\t{file_name}")
-                    )
-
-        if i < len(first_documents):
-            lines.append(Text.from_markup("\n[bold green]Retrieved contents[/]\n"))
-            lines.append(Text(first_documents[i]))
-
-        # Print a separator between documents
-        lines.append(Rule())
-
-    return lines
-
-
 def is_probably_text_file(path: str | Path, sample_size: int = 8192) -> bool:
     """
     Return whether a file appears to contain text.
diff --git a/tests/test_cli.py b/tests/test_cli.py
index dbc35a0..efde08f 100644
--- a/tests/test_cli.py
+++ b/tests/test_cli.py
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ class CliTests(unittest.TestCase):
         with patch(
             "chromy.handlers.list_collections.list_collections",
             return_value=["books", "code"],
-        ):
+        ): 
             result = _invoke(["list-collections"])
 
         self.assertEqual(result.exit_code, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(result.stdout, "books\ncode\n")
+        self.assertEqual(result.stdout, "· books\n· code\n")
 
     def test_create_collection(self) -> None:
         with patch(
@@ -89,7 +89,10 @@ class CliTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         count_collection.assert_called_once_with("notes")
         self.assertEqual(result.exit_code, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(result.stdout, "7\n")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            result.stdout,
+            "The 'notes' collection contains 7 records.\n",
+        )
 
     def test_import_data(self) -> None:
         with patch(
@@ -105,6 +108,19 @@ class CliTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(result.exit_code, 0)
         self.assertEqual(result.stdout, "Added 3 records to collection 'notes'.\n")
 
+    def test_import_data_rejects_non_text_files(self) -> None:
+        with patch(
+            "chromy.handlers.import_data.is_probably_text_file",
+            return_value=False,
+        ):
+            result = _invoke(["import", "notes", "romeo_and_juliet.txt"])
+
+        self.assertEqual(result.exit_code, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            result.stdout,
+            "Error: The file 'romeo_and_juliet.txt' is not a text file.\n",
+        )
+
     def test_query(self) -> None:
         query_result = {"ids": [["1"]], "documents": [["hello"]]}
 
diff --git a/tests/test_embed.py b/tests/test_embed.py
index 4acfdcc..165e85b 100644
--- a/tests/test_embed.py
+++ b/tests/test_embed.py
@@ -1,11 +1,29 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from chromy.embed import embed
 
 
 class EmbedTest(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_embed_function(self) -> None:
-        self.assertEqual(0, 0)
+    def test_embed_returns_empty_list_for_empty_chunks(self) -> None:
+        self.assertEqual(embed([]), [])
+
+    def test_embed_pairs_text_with_list_embeddings(self) -> None:
+        with patch(
+            "chromy.embed.DefaultEmbeddingFunction",
+            return_value=lambda chunks: ((1.0, 2.0), (3.0, 4.0)),
+        ):
+            result = embed(["first", "second"])
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            result,
+            [
+                {"text": "first", "embedding": [1.0, 2.0]},
+                {"text": "second", "embedding": [3.0, 4.0]},
+            ],
+        )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/tests/test_handlers.py b/tests/test_handlers.py
index d66274e..7bb2d6c 100644
--- a/tests/test_handlers.py
+++ b/tests/test_handlers.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TypeVar
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
+from chromy.errors import UnsupportedTextFileError
 from chromy.handlers.count_collection import handle_count_collection
 from chromy.handlers.create_collection import handle_create_collection
 from chromy.handlers.delete_collection import (
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class HandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
         self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(output, "notes\nplays\n")
+        self.assertEqual(output, "· notes\n· plays\n")
 
     def test_create_collection_uses_typed_input(self) -> None:
         with patch(
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ class HandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         count.assert_called_once_with("notes")
         self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(output, "7\n")
+        self.assertEqual(output, "The 'notes' collection contains 7 records.\n")
 
     def test_import_data_uses_typed_input(self) -> None:
         with patch(
@@ -106,6 +107,16 @@ class HandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
         self.assertEqual(output, "Added 3 records to collection 'notes'.\n")
 
+    def test_import_data_rejects_non_text_files(self) -> None:
+        with (
+            patch(
+                "chromy.handlers.import_data.is_probably_text_file",
+                return_value=False,
+            ),
+            self.assertRaises(UnsupportedTextFileError),
+        ):
+                handle_import("notes", "romeo_and_juliet.txt")
+
     def test_query_uses_typed_input(self) -> None:
         query_result = {"ids": [["1"]], "documents": [["hello"]]}
         with (